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Apple offers technical training for professionals who are responsible for planning, maintaining, and integrating Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server, Xserves, and Xsan into a network environment. The curriculum objectives support a tiered certification program for system administrators, technical coordinators, and support professionals. If you want to setup SSH tunnel with your remote server using your Macbook, you can easily do so using the default Terminal application available in the Mac OS. Yes, we do not have to install any other application for doing so, like we do in Windows. If you are a Windows user, I would recommend using Mobaxterm application for doing this. Windows, Mac, or Linux? We compare the pros and cons of these computing platforms. We take a hyperbole-free, zero-snark, and comprehensive look at why you might want to choose each of the big.

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In all cases, successive versions of Mac OS and Mac OSX have incorporated 'under the hood' changes such as improvedperformance and stability, bug fixes, and in later releases, increasedPowerPC nativity. In addition, the major releases included moreobvious changes as described below:

Mac OS 7 Mac OS 8 Mac OS 9 Mac OS X
Mac OS 7.0.xMac OS 8.0Mac OS 9.0.xMac OS X 10.0.x 'Cheetah'
Mac OS 7.1.xMac OS 8.1Mac OS 9.1Mac OS X 10.1.x 'Puma'
Mac OS 7.5.xMac OS 8.5.xMac OS 9.2.xMac OS X 10.2.x 'Jaguar'
Mac OS 7.6.xMac OS 8.6.xMac OS X 10.3.x 'Panther'
Mac OS X 10.4.x 'Tiger'

Mac OS 7.0.x (several releases) (1991)

  • 32-bit addressing for access to more than 8 megabytesof RAM
  • Support for virtual memory on those computers that canuse it
  • Apple Events, a language used by applications to communicate witheach other
  • The MultiFinder, renamed the Finder, improved andsimplified
  • A Find utility incorporated into the Finder for locating files
  • Ability to create aliases of items
  • Ability to use File Sharing to share information between computerson a network
  • Introduction of Balloon Help
  • Introduction of Drag and Drop
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Mac OS 7.1.x (several releases) (1992-1994)

  • Introduction of WorldScript for improved multilingual support
  • Fonts stored in their own Fonts folder rather thanwithin the System Folder
  • Introduction of Thread Manager for improved multitasking

Mac OS 7.5.x (several releases) (1994-1996)

  • 32-bit addressing always turned on
  • Some user interface improvements such as a menu bar clock,WindowShade, hierarchical Apple menus, and Finder windows that becomeaccented when a file is dragged over them
  • The AppleScript scripting language for automating tasks
  • Improved Find File capability
  • Apple Guide for improved help
  • PC Exchange, which greatly simplifies working with DOSformatted disks
  • Macintosh Easy Open to help open files for which the originalapplication is not available
  • Introduction of Open Transport (7.5.2)
  • Comments in Info windows not removed when the desktopis rebuilt (7.5.3)

Mac OS 7.6.x (two releases) (Spring 1997)

  • Requires a 32-bit clean 68030 processor or better
  • Support for MacTCP removed
  • Many references to 'Macintosh' changed to 'Mac OS' in response tothe availability of Macintosh compatible clones

Mac OS 8.0 (Fall 1997)

  • Requires a 68040 or PowerPC processor
  • Numerous user interface improvements, including a revampedappearance, pop-up menus, custom folder views, desktop pictures,spring-loaded folders, contextual menus, sticky menus, andreorganized Finder menus; many of the control panels are reorganized,simplified, or incorporated into the Finder or System Folder
  • Finder now multithreaded, allowing it to perform more than onetask at once (e.g., emptying the trash while moving a file)
  • Internet setup assistant for simplifying the task ofsetting up an Internet connection

Mac OS 8.1 (Spring 1998)

  • Includes support for the Macintosh Extended File Format(HFS+), which increases the minimum and maximum file sizes
  • Support for DVD-ROM drives
  • Support for Windows 95 long filenames

Mac OS 8.5.x (two releases) (Fall 1998)

  • Requires a PowerPC processor
  • Introduces Sherlock, a powerful volume and Internetsearching utility that replaces Find File
  • AppleScript rewritten to be PowerPC native, greatly improvingperformance
  • Ability to anti-alias all text on the screen
  • Built-in application switcher and 'tear off' Application menu
  • HTML-based help system
  • Interface enhancements such as smart scrolling, resizable Findercolumns, 32-bit icons, icon tags, themes, and URL 'aliases'

Mac OS 8.6 (Spring 1999)

  • Built-in nanokernel that improves performance and reduces CPUpower usage
  • Newer computers (e.g., iMac, 'blue and white' PowerMacintosh G3/G4, 'bronze' PowerBook G3, iBook) have thecapability to boot off the network if an appropriate server ispresent.
  • Game Sprockets included with the operating system (formerly aseparate install)
  • Improvements to Sherlock, LaserWriter 8, DVD-RAM,FireWire, Speech Recognition, and other components

Mac OS 9.0.x (two releases) (Fall 1999)

  • Support for multiple users, storing individual preferences foreach and with several levels of access
  • Improved security with the Keychain (stores passwords),voiceprint authentication, and encrypted file transfers
  • File sharing via TCP/IP with another Mac OS computerwithout the need for AppleShare IP
  • Sherlock, dubbed Sherlock 2, updated for performance andcapability
  • Ability to automatically download software updates from theInternet and install them
  • Support for Carbon and Carbonized applications

Mac OS 9.1 (Spring 2001)

  • Several changes for improved compatibility with Mac OSX, including a slightly reorganized folder structure, OS X-awareStartup Disk control panel
  • USB printer sharing over TCP/IP
  • Apple File Security increased to 128-bit encryption
  • Finder shortcuts to empty the trash, add to favorites, and showfolder view options

Mac OS 9.2.x (three releases) (Fall 2001)

  • Improved performance in the Classic environment of MacOS X

Mac OS X 10.0.x 'Cheetah' (four releases and numerous updates)(Spring 2001)

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  • Completely new operating system based on technologies acquiredfrom NeXT, Inc.; features include protected memory, preemptivemultitasking, multithreading, and symmetric multiprocessing
  • Aqua, a new graphical user interface
  • Darwin, the operating system's Unixfoundation; built on the Machmicrokernel
  • Quartz, the PDF-based engine for renderingtwo-dimensional entities such as icons and windows
  • Carbon, Cocoa, and Java, the three types of nativegraphical applications for Mac OS X

Mac OS X 10.1.x 'Puma' (five releases and numerous updates) (Fall2001)

  • Improved performance, stability, and functionality
  • Reintroduced missing OS 9 features: DVD playback, CDburning, AppleShare over AppleTalk, keyboard shortcuts fordisplay brightness and sound volume
  • The ability to connect to WebDAV and Windows file servers

Mac OS X 10.2.x 'Jaguar' (eight releases and numerous updates)(Summer 2002)

  • Improved performance, stability, and functionality
  • Quartz Extreme, which uses your video card to improve performanceof window moves, resizes, and the like; Quartz Extreme is notsupported on older computers.
  • Reintroduced missing OS 9 features: universal access,spring-loaded folders, USB printer sharing, AirPort andAirport Extreme software base station
  • Built-in support for connecting to VPN servers via PPTP
  • Rendezvous, for accessing resources via TCP/IP withoutconfiguration
  • Inkwell, handwriting recognition using a graphics tablet
  • Sherlock enhanced and refocused as an online tool
  • Find utility integrated into the Finder

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Mac OS X 10.3.x 'Panther' (five releases and numerous updates)(Fall 2003)

Study Or Perish Mac OS
  • Improved performance, stability, and functionality
  • Reintroduced missing OS 9 feature: labels
  • Exposé, to easily navigate through a cluttered desktop bydisplaying open windows as selectable thumbnails
  • Fast user switching, which allows for multiple accounts to belogged in at the same time
  • FileVault, which encrypts the entire contents of home folders
  • Built-in support for connecting to VPN servers viaIPsec
  • Font Book, for improved font management
  • Improved support and integration for sending and receiving faxes

Mac OS X 10.4.x 'Tiger' (Spring 2005)

  • Unix-based architecture, for increased stability and security
  • Spotlight, to instantly locate anything (e.g., images, emailmessages, applications) on your computer
  • Dashboard, a readily accessible collection of mini-programs called'Widgets' that provide information about weather, stocks, and more
  • Safari RSS, a new version of the popular webbrowser that includes a built-in RSS reader
  • iChat AV, with the added ability to hold multi-party audio andvideo conferences
  • Automator, to automate repetitive computing tasks withoutprogramming knowledge
  • Mail, with integrated Spotlight searching and Smart Folders tohelp you manage your email

As a global security technology company that offers cutting-edge cybersecurity solutions and advanced threat protection technologies to more than 500 million users worldwide, Bitdefender has a unique perspective on threat landscapes and how threats evolve across platforms and spread globally. Our threat intelligence telemetry aggregates malware information from various sources, ranging from Windows, Mac OS, spam, phishing, and others, to provide award-winning protection against real-world threats across all major operating systems.

While the popular belief that Macs are not plagued by malware or threats is deeply rooted in the minds of many Apple users, our security experts debunked that myth long ago by pinpointing information-stealing Trojans, ransomware, aggressive adware, and even advanced persistent threats specifically designed for Macs. While it’s true that the volume of Mac malware is lower than those targeting Windows-based systems, there has been an increased proliferation of threats tailored to Apple devices.

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And many of those threats are coming from just a few sources. Almost 11% of all threats reported for Mac users during the first three quarters of 2017 involve an aggressive adware Trojan usually bundled with legitimate software, Trojan.GenericKD.

Once installed, it hooks deep into the system and starts hijacking browser traffic and interfering with the overall user experience. While technically not a virus, it exhibits many similar traits.

As the most-reported threat for Macs, Trojan.GenericKD’s purpose is to increase advertising revenue for attackers by redirecting victims to various websites and sometimes even installing additional components.

The second-most-reported threat is W97M.Downloader, which is similar in purpose to the Trojan.Gen-ricKD family, but can also be used by threat actors as a tool to collect private information. Commonly encountered on Windows-based systems, the threat has also been ported to the Mac OS.

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The same Bitdefender telemetry identified the third-most-prolific threat family for Mac as Adware.MAC.Pirrit. As the name implies, it’s a PUA (Potentially Unwanted Application) or PUP (Potentially Unwanted Program) that unleashes an overload of adware on the infected computer and injects ads into all installed browsers. While it’s usually considered a low-priority threat, this malware family also has capabilities that could allow attackers to completely take control of an infected system.

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Besides injecting ads, Adware.MAC.Pirrit can collect personal user or business information. Commonly distributed using fake Adobe Flash or Microsoft Office updates, it’s extremely covert once installed, making manual removal painstakingly difficult.

Steering away from these Mac threats and adware-serving families can be difficult, as they’re either bundled with software that seems legitimate or they’re appended to malicious email attachments. Exercising caution in both cases is a good way of staying safe, but installing a security solution for Mac OS will ensure everything you download is clean.

A dedicated Mac security solution will also make sure that visited websites are legitimate and that you won’t fall victim to phishing, fraudulent websites, or malware-disseminating URLs.